Today, the National Council on Teacher Quality (NCTQ), a nonpartisan research and advocacy group, released a report that provides the most comprehensive review to date of teacher preparation in the use of data generated by assessments of student learning. Thanks to the large-scale investments federal and state governments have made over the past several decades in developing assessments and data systems, the key questions in schools and classrooms across the country have shifted from "Was the content taught?" to "How much have our students learned?" and then "How can we help our students understand what they haven't learned?"